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Thursday, April 23, 2020

Five Ways to Follow the Coronavirus Outbreak for Any Metro Area in the U.S. - The New York Times

To help provide a detailed picture of the past, present and future of the coronavirus pandemic in the United States, here are five ways of thinking about it in hundreds of metro areas across the country, using data compiled by The New York Times. This page will be updated regularly.

1. The Big Picture: New Cases and Deaths

The simplest way to track the progress of an outbreak is by seeing how many new cases and deaths are reported in a given area each day. For the United States as a whole, these counts appear to have peaked or are starting to flatten:

New cases per day

United States

30,000 cases

Mar. 1

Apr. 23

7-day average

New cases

New deaths per day

United States

2,000 deaths

Mar. 1

Apr. 23

7-day average

New deaths

Use the search box below to see this relationship for any metropolitan area in the U.S., here or in any of the tables below. (We’ve set it to the New York City area by default.)

New cases per day

New York City area

15,000 cases

Mar. 1

Apr. 23

7-day average

New cases

New deaths per day

New York City area

1,500 deaths

Mar. 1

Apr. 23

7-day average

New deaths

Metro and micropolitan areas are bigger than just the city limits of a given place — they often include the surrounding suburbs and exurbs.

2. Where the Outbreak Is Worst Now

The metro areas with the most recent cases and deaths, relative to their population, in the last two weeks:

New cases, last two weeks

Metro or micro area Growth in cases Recent cases Per 1,000
1 Marion, Ohio flattening 2,105 32.26
2 New York City area flat or decreasing 143,380 7.18
3 Grand Island, Neb. flattening 551 6.48
4 Gallup, N.M. still growing 449 6.21
5 Pine Bluff, Ark. still growing 552 6.17
6 Fairfield County, Conn. still growing 5,466 5.79
7 Sioux Falls, S.D. flattening 1,405 5.29
8 Trenton-Princeton, N.J. flat or decreasing 1,761 4.76
9 Albany, Ga. flat or decreasing 712 4.65
10 New Haven, Conn. still growing 3,866 4.51
11 Goldsboro, N.C. still growing 551 4.47
12 Boston still growing 20,370 4.18
13 Reading, Pa. flattening 1,653 3.93
14 Gainesville, Ga. still growing 674 3.33
15 New Orleans flat or decreasing 3,936 3.10

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New deaths, last two weeks

Metro or micro area Growth in deaths Recent deaths Per 1,000
1 New York City area flat or decreasing 11,660 0.58
2 Fairfield County, Conn. flattening 429 0.45
3 Albany, Ga. flat or decreasing 62 0.41
4 Hartford, Conn. flattening 437 0.36
5 Detroit flat or decreasing 1,540 0.36
6 Springfield, Mass. still growing 218 0.35
7 New Orleans flat or decreasing 427 0.34
8 New Haven, Conn. flattening 275 0.32
9 Opelousas, La. still growing 25 0.30
10 Trenton-Princeton, N.J. flat or decreasing 105 0.28
11 Torrington, Conn. flattening 51 0.28
12 Boston still growing 1,308 0.27
13 Flint, Mich. still growing 99 0.24
14 Hudson, N.Y. flat or decreasing 12 0.20
15 Lancaster, Pa. flattening 106 0.20

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Limited to areas with at least 50,000 people. “Flattening” means that the number of new cases is still increasing, but the rate of growth is slowing.

Here, we’ve limited the window of cases to those within the last two weeks. Scaling those cases by the population of the area can help give a sense of the prevalence of the illness there and how strained a community’s health care system may be. Places with curves that are “flattening” or “flat” are likely to move down this list over time; those where new cases and deaths continue to increase are on track to move up. (Of course, case counts are subject to variable rates of testing — cases could fall in places simply because fewer tests are being done — so moderate changes in rankings on these tables may not always be meaningful.)

3. Where Outbreaks Might Come Next

The virus has begun cropping up in new places as it spreads across the country. To identify places that could flare up next, it’s helpful to look not just at the number of cases but how fast they are rising.

Highest avg. daily growth rate of cases

Metro or micro area Recent cases Daily growth rate cases double every...
1 Marion, Ohio 2,105 172% 0.7 days
2 Goldsboro, N.C. 551 90% 1.1 days
3 Waterloo-Ced.Falls, Iowa 396 49% 1.8 days
4 Pine Bluff, Ark. 552 39% 2.1 days
5 Green Bay, Wis. 365 34% 2.4 days
6 Harrisonburg, Va. 384 23% 3.3 days
7 Columbus, Ohio 2,636 18% 4.2 days
8 Gainesville, Ga. 674 18% 4.2 days
9 Gallup, N.M. 449 16% 4.6 days
10 Amarillo, Texas 244 16% 4.6 days
11 Grand Island, Neb. 551 16% 4.7 days
12 Rockford, Ill. 209 15% 4.9 days
13 Grand Rapids, Mich. 673 15% 5.0 days
14 Florence, S.C. 186 14% 5.2 days
15 Fargo, N.D. 256 14% 5.3 days
143 New York City area 143,380 3% 22.0 days

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Highest avg. daily growth rate of deaths

Metro or micro area Recent deaths Daily growth rate deaths double every...
1 Reading, Pa. 78 29% 2.7 days
2 Raleigh, N.C. 27 21% 3.7 days
3 Pittsburgh 133 19% 3.9 days
4 Virginia Beach 35 19% 4.1 days
5 Scranton Wilkes-Barre, Pa. 97 18% 4.3 days
6 Minneapolis-St.Paul 113 17% 4.4 days
7 Farmington, N.M. 22 17% 4.4 days
8 Salisbury, Md. 33 17% 4.5 days
9 Washington, D.C. 351 17% 4.5 days
10 Boston 1,308 16% 4.8 days
11 Columbus, Ohio 42 15% 4.9 days
12 Mobile, Ala. 31 15% 4.9 days
13 Hartford, Conn. 437 14% 5.2 days
14 Harrisburg-Carlisle, Pa. 15 14% 5.2 days
15 Tucson, Ariz. 52 14% 5.2 days
84 New York City area 11,660 5% 14.1 days

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Growth rates are averaged over the previous week. Limited to areas with more than 250 cases and 50,000 people. The table showing the average daily growth of the death rate is limited to areas with more than 20 deaths.

Growth rates are useful measures in epidemics because they tell us whether things are getting better or worse. In places where the growth rate is high but the number of cases is relatively low, a community may still have time to flatten its curve before an outbreak becomes widespread.

Communities with a lot of cases and a high growth rate are on track to have a serious problem. A high growth rate on top of a large number of cases means that a still larger number of people are on track to become ill or die.

4. Where There May Be Good News Ahead

Here, the metro areas where new cases and deaths have decreased the most, on a population-adjusted basis, in the last week:

Where new cases are decreasing most

Metro or micro area A week ago Now Change per 100k
1 New Orleans 9,343 3,936 -426
2 Albany, Ga. 1,187 712 -310
3 East Stroudsburg, Pa. 594 344 -147
4 New York City area 171,908 143,380 -143
5 Edwards, Colo. 185 114 -129
6 Hammond, La. 385 225 -120
7 Detroit 14,894 9,748 -119
8 Houma, La. 612 369 -116
9 Scranton Wilkes-Barre, Pa. 1,740 1,142 -108
10 Oxford, N.C. 89 35 -89.8
11 Shreveport, La. 1,103 724 -86.9
12 Allentown, Pa. 2,948 2,220 -86.4
13 Baton Rouge, La. 1,893 1,241 -78.4
14 Burlington, Vt. 280 130 -67.8
15 Waycross, Ga. 96 64 -58.1

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-250

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250

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Where new deaths are decreasing most

Metro or micro area A week ago Now Change per 100k
1 Greenfield Town, Mass. 18 9 -12.7
2 Albany, Ga. 76 62 -9.1
3 Pittsfield, Mass. 17 11 -4.7
4 New Orleans 485 427 -4.6
5 Bellingham, Wash. 17 7 -4.4
6 Kennewick, Wash. 28 18 -3.4
7 New York City area 12,268 11,660 -3.0
8 Burlington, Vt. 17 11 -2.7
9 Yakima, Wash. 26 20 -2.4
10 Greeley, Colo. 44 39 -1.6
11 Spokane, Wash. 14 7 -1.2
12 Manchester-Nashua, N.H. 19 14 -1.2
13 Tulsa, Okla. 36 26 -1.0
14 Milwaukee 104 90 -0.9
15 Madison, Wis. 14 9 -0.8

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Limited to areas with at least 100 cases and 50,000 people. Figures are sorted by the difference between the number of cases or deaths in the two weeks ending seven days ago compared with the last two weeks. The table showing the change in the number of deaths is limited to areas with more than 20 deaths.

The places on this list are not necessarily those where the outbreak is no longer severe. But sustained decreases in new cases and deaths are signs that a place is going in the right direction.

5. The Places Hit Hardest

Below, the metro areas that have had the highest cumulative case and death rates since the start of the outbreak:

Cumulative confirmed cases

Metro or micro area Population cases Per 1,000
1 Marion, Ohio 65,256 2,137 32.75
2 New York City area 20.0 mil. 330,117 16.52
3 Albany, Ga. 153,009 2,092 13.67
4 New Orleans 1.3 mil. 15,199 11.96
5 Fairfield County, Conn. 943,823 9,883 10.47
6 Edwards, Colo. 54,993 488 8.87
7 Trenton-Princeton, N.J. 369,811 2,753 7.44
8 Grand Island, Neb. 85,088 629 7.39
9 Pine Bluff, Ark. 89,515 656 7.33
10 Gallup, N.M. 72,290 519 7.18
11 Boston 4.9 mil. 33,039 6.78
12 New Haven, Conn. 857,620 5,811 6.78
13 Sioux Falls, S.D. 265,653 1,671 6.29
14 Detroit 4.3 mil. 26,385 6.10
15 East Stroudsburg, Pa. 169,507 1,015 5.99

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Cumulative confirmed deaths

Metro or micro area Population deaths Per 1,000
1 Albany, Ga. 153,009 152 0.99
2 New York City area 20.0 mil. 19,211 0.96
3 New Orleans 1.3 mil. 880 0.69
4 Fairfield County, Conn. 943,823 584 0.62
5 Detroit 4.3 mil. 2,371 0.55
6 Springfield, Mass. 631,761 285 0.45
7 Hartford, Conn. 1.2 mil. 527 0.44
8 Greenfield Town, Mass. 70,963 30 0.42
9 New Haven, Conn. 857,620 345 0.40
10 Trenton-Princeton, N.J. 369,811 133 0.36
11 Opelousas, La. 82,764 29 0.35
12 Torrington, Conn. 181,111 63 0.35
13 Flint, Mich. 406,892 138 0.34
14 Boston 4.9 mil. 1,566 0.32
15 East Stroudsburg, Pa. 169,507 48 0.28

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Limited to areas with at least 50,000 people.

As the pandemic progresses, the number of cases and deaths per capita can provide a good measure of the prevalence of coronavirus in a community, even if the deadliest period of the outbreak has passed, as it may have in places like Seattle, New York and New Orleans.

There are other measurements that would be helpful in understanding the progress of the epidemic in different places, such as the number of new hospitalizations, the number of tests administered or the number of people showing any symptoms of respiratory illness. But confirmed coronavirus cases and deaths, however incomplete, are the most useful daily statistics currently available at a local level everywhere in the country.

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Five Ways to Follow the Coronavirus Outbreak for Any Metro Area in the U.S. - The New York Times
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